Wales international David Partridge, 27, and Bristol City team mates, Scott Brown, 21, Bradley Orr, 23, and Steve Brooker, 25 were charged with affray.
On Friday at Bristol Crown Court, Orr and Brooker were jailed for 28 days, Partridge was sent down for two months.
He was also ordered to pay £1,000 compensation to a doorman.
Brown was given 120 hours' community service for his part in the brawl.
The court heard the quartet were on an evening out when violence erupted as Partridge was ejected from the Romeo Browns nightspot in Bristol city centre.
Prosecutor Robert Davies told the court Partridge "lost control" and charged at the club's doormen.
He became involved in a fight with the bouncers and his team mates then became involved.
Orr, who was sent off recently for headbutting a team-mate in City's 3-1 win at Northampton, was ordered to pay £2,500 in defence costs.
A spokesman for Bristol City FC said: "The club is very disappointed by the judgement and, together with the players and their legal advisors, will be looking at all the options available to them.
"No further statement will be issued by the club until these options have been clarified."